The Vatican City is the smallest independent nation-state in the world. It is surrounded by the Italian city of Rome, the seat of the Roman Catholic Church and the home of the Pope. Its medieval and Renaissance walls form its borders except for the southeastern part of Saint Peter's Square. The Vatican City, one of the most sacred places in the Christian world, bears witness to a great history and an immense spiritual project; A unique collection of artistic and architectural masterpieces lies within the borders of this small country, at its center lies St. Peter's Basilica with its double columns and a circular square in the front, bordered by palaces and stunning gardens.