It is the capital of the Arab Republic of Egypt and the largest and most important city ever. It is the largest Arab city in terms of population and area. It occupies the second place in Africa and seventeenth in the world in terms of population. It has a population of 9.7 million people, according to 2018 statistics, representing 10.6% of the total population Egypt. Cairo is one of the most culturally diverse cities and one of the cities full of tourist attractions, as it witnessed many different historical eras throughout the ages, and there are many ancient and modern monuments, and it has become an open museum that includes Pharaonic, Greek, Roman, Coptic and Islamic antiquities. The history of the city dates back to the emergence of the pharaonic city of On or Heliopolis "Ain Shams now", which is one of the oldest cities in the ancient world. Cairo - throughout the ages - has been called by many names, as it is the city of a thousand minarets, Egypt Al-Mahrousa and Cairo Al-Muizz.