The former Tainan Weather Observatory was built in 1897 during the Japanese rule of Taiwan. For a very long time, the building remained unused, and then the Tainan City Government designated it a municipal historical site in 1998, and it became a National Historic Site in 2003, and was later opened as a museum. The museum building contains a circular structure that follows three concentric circles with offices on the outside, an entrance tower from the inside, and a circular corridor extending between them. The top of the tower contains ancient watch tools that are still today.