This church shares a wall with the Church of the Nativity, and is less well known than its neighbor, which is the most famous church in the world. The current building of the church was built in the nineteenth century, and it was built on the place where Christ stood before Catherine, Queen of Alexandria and predicted her martyrdom, and she was martyred shortly afterwards by the Romans, and this church was built to perpetuate her name. In the inner basements of this church there is the tomb of St. Jerome. It is one of the landmarks that everyone should visit in Bethlehem.