The Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin is a monument of world history and culture. Built in the early sixteenth century to protect the eastern borders of the Russian state, it was steadfast and never surrendered to the enemy. Built 400 years ago, surrounding Nizhny Novgorod, which consists of red brick, with 12 towers along its walls, is now home to museums and concert venues, and one of the most important historical monuments in Russia and the world.